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\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc William & Mary – t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 – \u0111\u00e3 ghi\u00a0nh\u1eadn Kinda Rowe\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
H\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, William & Mary \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta trong ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua. C\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0\u00a0c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfc n\u00f4i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia “, Rowe\u00a0kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng khi c\u00f4 tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 Hai, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n Kinh th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1808 b\u1edfi Jane Aitken. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n Kinh th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1693 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc\u00a0c\u1ee7a ba v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, William & Mary \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t\u00a0t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201ckhan hi\u1ebfm\u201d nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eef sau h\u01a1n ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Khi Rowe n\u1eafm ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00a0l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong kh\u00e1c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n William & Mary, Harvard \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Drew Faust, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007, Faust \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1eddng 11 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng S\u00e1u.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc danh ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Harvard hay William & Mary (trong khi \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 ba trong s\u1ed1 t\u00e1m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ivy League l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef). Theo Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 2017 do H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 30% v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2016. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da m\u00e0u chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ec9 5 %\u00a0t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1p Ng\u00e0\u00a0(ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c)?<\/p>\n
Theo nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung t\u00e2m trong cu\u1ed9c,\u00a0c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 l\u00ed do d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu\u00a0h\u1ee5t\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh\u00a0tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng, thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Bristol Laura Douglas chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u00e1o\u00a0Boston Globe v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u00ea ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eef v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi v\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd\u00a0cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
Andrea Silbert, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Eos Foundation c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Massachusetts, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00e1c\u00a0v\u1ecb n\u1eef\u00a0l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Newsweek r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u1ecb: C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 1, \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao nh\u1ea5t, n\u1eafm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoa K\u1ef3, th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c hay hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California \u1edf Berkley. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 con l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p nam c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 con\u201d. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 cho th\u1ea5y 32% ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi 16% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0nam\u00a0tham gia kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef\u00a0\u00edt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, khi so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eadc sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh\u00a0h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1n. Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Pew \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 5% s\u1ed1 CEO d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt li\u00ean bang c\u1ee7a 1.500 c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan , s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 10% n\u0103m 1986 l\u00ean 30% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Trong khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec \u00f4ng Mol Mol Corbett Broad, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2017, chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi t\u1edd New York Times, \u00f4ng\u00a0tin r\u1eb1ng kim ch\u1ec9 nam \u0111ang d\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n