{"id":32724,"date":"2017-06-16T10:46:43","date_gmt":"2017-06-16T03:46:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/?p=32724"},"modified":"2017-07-09T13:22:08","modified_gmt":"2017-07-09T06:22:08","slug":"hoc-tieng-anh-va-van-hoa-vuong-quoc-anh-thong-qua-cac-tac-pham-cua-william-shakespeare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/hoc-tieng-anh-va-van-hoa-vuong-quoc-anh-thong-qua-cac-tac-pham-cua-william-shakespeare\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc Ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Anh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a William Shakespeare"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Anh qua c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 th\u00fa v\u1ec1 William Shakespeare, t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ec9? B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n k\u1ecbch, di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Anh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi x\u1ee9 s\u1edf s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1edfi l\u1ebd, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 khan, kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem qua 20 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 Shakespeare \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u00f4ng sinh ra, tham quan th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u00e0 xem c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 phim v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng tr\u00ean Horrible Histories (BBC), youtube, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh.<\/p>\n

\"Shakespeare\"<\/p>\n

I. \u2018<\/em><\/strong>William Shakespeare v\u00e0 20 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 th\u00fa\u2019<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Sinh t\u1eed c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y 23\/04 (1564-1616) v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i (th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Stratford-upon-Avon)<\/li>\n
  2. M\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (v\u1ee3, con g\u00e1i, con r\u1ec3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t trong th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Holy Trinity Church, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 uy nghi nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Stratford v\u1edbi hai h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y xanh th\u1eb3ng t\u1eafp d\u1eabn l\u1ed1i \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i khi v\u1eeba sinh ra (baptise) v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
  3. Do t\u00e0i n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, William Shakespeare c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u2018The Bard\u2019 hay \u2018The Bard of Avon\u2019.<\/li>\n
  4. Shakespeare k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi Anna Hathaway khi \u00f4ng 18 tu\u1ed5i, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng 26 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111ang mang thai 3 th\u00e1ng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng Susanna.<\/li>\n
  5. R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 William Shakespeare kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o (no direct descendants). \u00d4ng c\u00f3 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i c\u1ea3 (Susanna) v\u00e0 2 \u0111\u1ee9a con sinh \u0111\u00f4i (1 trai 1 g\u00e1i t\u00ean Hamnet v\u00e0 Judith). Susanna c\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng John Hall v\u00e0 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i Elizabeth. C\u00f4 con g\u00e1i n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u00f4n hai l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con. Con trai Hamlet c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb n\u0103m 11 tu\u1ed5i. C\u00f4 em song sinh Judith c\u00f3 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf. (V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Shakespeare th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ebb em ch\u1ebft khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm, b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Shakespeare c\u00f3 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5 trong s\u1ed1 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh)<\/li>\n
  6. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Shakespeare l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o g\u0103ng tay (a glovemaker) \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
  7. Shakespeare k\u00fd t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng theo r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 \u2018Shakspere\u2019 hay \u2018Shakspeare\u2019(c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh)<\/li>\n
  8. C\u00e1i t\u00ean William Shakespeare khi \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i (anagram) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 I am a weakish speller, I\u2019ll make a wise phrase, Hear me as I will speak, We all make his praise\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n
  9. Shakespeare t\u1eebng l\u00e0m di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean cho ch\u00ednh v\u1edf k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 trong Hamlet, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai h\u1ed3n ma c\u1ee7a cha Hamlet.<\/li>\n
  10. \u00d4ng t\u1eebng di\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Elizabeth v\u00e0 King James I.<\/li>\n
  11. Th\u1eddi Shakespeare ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u n\u00ean c\u00e1c vai n\u1eef trong k\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean nam \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 gi\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n
  12. Theo Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, Shakespeare t\u1ea1o th\u00eam g\u1ea7n 1,000 t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
  13. \u2018The Tempest\u2019<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1edf k\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Shakespeare vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t. \u2018<\/em>Herry VI\u2019<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
  14. \u2018Hamlet\u2019<\/em> l\u00e0 v\u1edf k\u1ecbch d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t (4 ti\u1ebfng) c\u1ee7a Shakespeare \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00ean Hamnet m\u1ea5t khi c\u1eadu b\u00e9 ch\u1ec9 11 tu\u1ed5i. V\u1edf ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u2018The comedy of errors\u2019 <\/em>ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0i 1\/3 v\u1edf Hamlet.<\/li>\n
  15. C\u00e1c v\u1edf k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Shakespeare c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o ba th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i: H\u00e0i k\u1ecbch (<\/em>nh\u01b0<\/em> A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It.<\/em>..)<\/em>, bi k\u1ecbch (<\/em>Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, Hamlet.<\/em>..)<\/em>, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (<\/em>Richard III, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI\u2026<\/em>)<\/em><\/li>\n
  16. Shakespeare vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi vua Henry IV, V, VI, v\u00e0 VIII, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Henry VII.<\/li>\n
  17. Trong v\u1edf Hamlet<\/em>, v\u00e0o ph\u00fat ch\u1ecdn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft (t\u1ef1 t\u1eed, b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, gi\u1ebft nh\u1ea7m, u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i ly thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c). \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1edf k\u1ecbch bi \u0111\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Shakespeare khi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c. C\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 7 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
  18. L\u00fac xem phim t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng tr\u00ean Horrible Histories tr\u00ean BBC (ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 xem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf UK), 38 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 v\u1edf k\u1ecbch, 150 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i), nh\u01b0ng khi m\u00ecnh tham d\u1ef1 tri\u1ec5n l\u00e3m \u2018Shakespeare – The Complete Work\u2019 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 37 v\u1edf k\u1ecbch. M\u00ecnh mua b\u1ed9 series DVD c\u1ee7a Shakespeare do BBC s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 37 DVD.<\/li>\n
  19. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Shakespeare, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u00ec nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u2018bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t\u2019 \u0111\u00f3 (gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u00fac \u00f4ng r\u1eddi Stratford-upon-avon \u0111\u1ebfn London).<\/li>\n
  20. C\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng William Shakespeare ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u1eddi Elizabethan: Christopher Marlowe; gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u do nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n k\u1ecbch vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y b\u00fat danh l\u00e0 William Shakespeare.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    II. H\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh qua vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i t\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Shakespeare. Sau \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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    1. Romeo and Julie<\/em>t: Verona (Italy); Juliet (The Capulets, 14 years-old), Romeo (The Montagues), Count Paris (a rich nobleman), Tybalt (Juliet\u2019s cousin), Friar Lawrence (a priest).<\/li>\n
    2. Macbeth:<\/em> 11th Century Scotland; Macbeth, 3 witches, Duncan (King of Scotland), Lady Macbeth, Malcolm (Duncan\u2019s son)<\/li>\n
    3. Much Ado About Nothing:<\/em> Messina (Italy); Hero and Claudio, Beatrice and Benedick<\/li>\n
    4. The Tempest:<\/em> Milan (Italy); Prospero (Ruler of Milan), Miranda (Prospero\u2019s daughter), Caliban (strange half-human), Antonio (Prospero\u2019s brother), Ferdinand (Alonso\u2019s son), Alonso (King of Naples)<\/li>\n
    5. Hamlet:<\/em> Denmark; Hamlet (the Prince of Denmark), Hamlet\u2019s father, Gertrude (Hamlet\u2019s mother), Claudius (Hamlet\u2019s father\u2019s brother), Ophelia (Hamlet\u2019s girlfriend), Polonius (Ophelia\u2019s father), Laertes (Ophelia\u2019s brother), 7 deaths in total.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Macbeth theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng th\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n, quan trong l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng th\u00ec xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n