{"id":15045,"date":"2015-04-01T08:00:11","date_gmt":"2015-04-01T01:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/?p=15045"},"modified":"2015-03-26T14:51:09","modified_gmt":"2015-03-26T07:51:09","slug":"phuong-phap-doc-the-nao-cho-hieu-qua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/phuong-phap-doc-the-nao-cho-hieu-qua\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p – “\u0110\u1ecdc” th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m quen.\u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111a s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p\u00a0v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 trong vi\u1ec7c\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd\u00a0\u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc. Danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh quan t\u00e2m th\u00ec s\u1ebd s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y (n\u1ebfu v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady) r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1\u00a0\u00edt th\u1eddi gian\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch. Sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch giao ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch<\/strong>. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian nh\u1edd v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp thu.<\/p>\n

\"C\u1ea7n<\/a>
C\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eafng\u00a0nghe v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t,\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0\u0110\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0111ang l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec\u00a0s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh m\u00ecnh\u00a0\u0111ang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn phong c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft. “Phong c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc”\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y\u00a0\u00edch l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc qua. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec b\u00e0i\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u01b0u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n\u00a0\u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0i trang hay c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. C\u00f9ng\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ghi ch\u00fa ri\u00eang gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 do d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u ng\u1eafn, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, hay d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t, hay\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n? V\u00e0 c\u0169ng\u00a0\u00edch l\u1ee3i n\u1ebfu s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft k\u00e9m,\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng\u00a0truy\u1ec1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u00ecnh\u00a0\u0111ang vi\u1ebft g\u00ec. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u1eb7p h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, v\u1edbi ghi ch\u00fa b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do l\u00e0m b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cao \u0111\u1eb3ng mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp thu k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ch: resource-based learning. Trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eebng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m FOFO (First Organise and Find Out) do m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eb1m mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao cho h\u1ecd tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc\u00a0\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0\u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa th\u1eddi trung h\u1ecdc. Trong vai tr\u00f2 sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch, qua danh s\u00e1ch b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho to\u00e0n m\u00f4n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u00eam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc g\u00ec<\/strong>, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ee5\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0\u00a0\u1edf c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm xem m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc\u00a0thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i\u00a0n\u00e0o<\/strong>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea5u b\u1ebfp t\u1eeb t\u1eeb l\u00ean men t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u00edt t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kia t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m\u00a0\u0111i v\u00e0o n\u01a1i ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fac v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c tri th\u1ee9c nguy hi\u1ec3m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm g\u00ec trong l\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn\u00a0\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi g\u1eb7p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu. Th\u00e1m t\u1eed theo d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng suy ngh\u0129, c\u1ea3 trong v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111em nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec7p\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p v\u00e0o b\u00e0i kh\u00f3a lu\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o s\u01a1\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, x\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh cao\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng, c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 anh ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0111i khi quay l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"99622137-opened-books\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Trong vai tr\u00f2 sinh vi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp\u00a0v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng tin\u00a0\u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c”,\u00a0\u00fd n\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong\u00a0\u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 quan\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m hay\u00a0\u00fd ki\u1ebfn. Khi ghi ch\u00fa b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u00ea ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau\u00a0\u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00fa t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0t\u01b0 duy ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/strong>. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p\u00a0nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong l\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i th\u00edch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng s\u01a1\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ebfu\u00a0\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea theo danh s\u00e1ch ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb\u00a0hay c\u00e2u\u00a0ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00fa ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong vi\u1ec7c\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u00eat ghi ch\u00fa. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00ec ghi th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n, m\u1ed7i l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi trong s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p. Hay l\u00e0 khi ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1\u00a0m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc, hay quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, hay nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebd s\u01a1\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00ec vi\u1ebft ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0o t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0lu\u00f4n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc – t\u00f4 m\u00e0u c\u00e1c ch\u1eef v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0o b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, v\u00ec l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n s\u1eed\u00a0d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch hay t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/strong> c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00ec b\u00e0i kh\u00f3a lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft nh\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng lu\u1eadn v\u0103n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 may m\u1eafn th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m\u00a0\u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

(L\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Gavin J. Fairbairn & Susan A. Fairbairn 2001, Reading at University – A guide for Students, Open University Press)<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u00ea Thanh H\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m quen.\u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111a s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p\u00a0v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 trong vi\u1ec7c\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd\u00a0\u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11728,"featured_media":15049,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1749],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15045"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11728"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15045"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15048,"href":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15045\/revisions\/15048"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarshipplanet.info\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}